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Induced abortions: Any need for resentment?
Introduction:
Abortion, whether caused or spontaneous abortion is before fetal viability (generally 0.20 to 28 weeks of gestation and / or a mass of 500g) 1.2. This is a phenomenon that can not be wished away. Its apparent inevitability required jurisdictions adorn. Despite the restrictive laws in many countries it is done on a daily basis but, in danger ways.3-5.
Initiation of sexual behavior is a normal part of development human and occurs frequently in adolescents, including six of the environment and innate humoral influences encourage sexual activity. adolescent sexuality and its sequelae are now recognized as a major public health problem, social and economic problem. Poor knowledge of reproductive biology contraception and predispose them to poor pregancy.7 side, 8
Abortion is among the five leading causes of death, but second only sepsis.9 puerperal No question in medical practice, has in recent times, abortion has generated a controversy of this magnitude, with protagonists and antagonists as candidate points surprisingly border on women's health and reproductive rights.
On induced abortions:
Abortion may be spontaneous or induced 1.2. Spontaneous abortion may be threatened, complete or incomplete, inevitable, missed, or septic habitual / recurrent. Habitual abortion is usually caused by an increase anomaly.10
Abortion is the leading cause of maternal mortality in most developing nations.6, 11,12. His offense has contributed more to this.13. Abortion in Africa has serious consequences not only for the woman and her future reproductive career, but also her children, family and community.14, 15. Abortion is a serious threat to women's health and lives.
Given that these layoffs are in secret Many methods are adopted for crude from 0.16 to 18 from using local herbs, instrumentation (dilating and her uterus), purgatives, alcohol, caustics, the dilation and curettage, suction and evacuation.
It is amusing to note histopathological report19 indicated that a significant proportion of women seeking abortion services are not pregnant. This emphasizes the zeal more operators and ask for their qualifications and training.
Epidemiology:
Unintended pregnancy is a major reproductive health, especially among adolescents. Teenage pregnancy itself is associated with age, occupation and little or no education.20, 21. The most affected age group is 15-19, 21-22 Single women and widows, women in polygamous marital relationships, low parity, with education cycle and the number of living children, and women with a recent history of domestic violence present abortion 16.18. Although the majority of abortions were performed by age group unmarried, married women comprise an increasing significant top students at all chart23.
Why cause an abortion? 18.23, 24.
Different points of view rapidly gained importance to why abortion is induced. In general, pregnancy is unplanned and therefore unwanted. Others include pedagogical considerations, the threat to mother's life; severely deformed baby incompetent parents, family name and integrity; disputed paternity, personal desire not to have children, the baby's sex, high cost of educating children born short interval, sex marriage, rape cases or sexual abuse, contraception has failed, socio-economic consideration and having too many children. These reasons largely define the categories of applicants abortion.
Views Protagonist (In defense of abortion).
There cured discussions between providers of health care, advocacy groups, policymakers and legislators in many developing countries countries where there are laws on restrictive abortion.14, 25-27. This has enabled some countries to shift patterns (which allow abortion) 28-30; make some modifications13 or remain indifferent.31
The reasons the defense, including:
a. Safety: Abortion is one of the safest medical procedures that if allowed to avoid major abortion-related deaths and injuries are tragic and easily preventable. 14.31, 32.
b. "feminism": The protagonists of this idea believe that the superiority of men framed morality, legality and socio-cultural attitudes towards abortion and denied as important status.25, 27.31. They propose that women take their power to choose, including access to safe abortion services that this violation of the rights of women in matters of reproduction is both a cause and a manifestation of women's powerlessness.
C. Reduction of Maternal Mortality: The introduction of interruption pregnancy (TOP) act in many developing countries has been associated with a massive reduction in maternal mortality Mortality rate (MMR). The participation of midwives in abortion care has created access for rural women in remote areas.28, 29
d. outdated laws and customs 13, 26: This point of view and believes that traditional cultural values, religious perception, the social teachings remnants of colonial laws have facilitated the stigma of abortion and its practitioners. He suggested that, in accordance with recent advances in technology that the issue is approached from the point of view that emphasizes the individual right to self-determination.
Antagonist See
Opponents of abortion have presented facts, which revealed the serious consequences that follow this law.
These include:
A. Breast Cancer: Strong Evidence emerging pose an increased risk of breast cancer after abortion as in those of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy.33
b. Post-Abortion Syndrome (PAS): This the psychological, physical and spiritual emotional trauma caused by abortion, which is beyond the normal range of human experience34. This a disorder characterized by a post traumatic stressor (the abortion) and physical symptoms such as insomnia and depression, one in three patients after an abortion meets this criterion.
C. Infection: This is the septic sacroilitis35 rare for municipalities and post-abortion sepsis, and broad ligament abscess36 12, 37-39. What usually follows the use of unsterilized equipment and an operating environment unhygienic.
d. damage to visceral organs: This includes the gut injury40, and perforation of the uterus (especially at the bottom, followed by the posterior, anterior and lateral walls) 22.
e. Hemorrhage: This, in the acute phase, may lead to shock, kidney failure or anemia stop long term. It follows from the use of sharp objects, medicines herbal (leading to endotoxemia), cervix uterus / lacerations vaginal excessive endometrial curettage and incomplete abortion15, 39.
f. increased maternal mortality rate (MMR): Abortion is the second leading cause of maternal deaths (second bleeding). 38, 41-43
g. sterility Secondary: This is the most common late complication of induced abortion. The fertility rate decreases with increasing number of abortions39, 44. This, in part, is represented by structural damage to pelvic organs and chronic pelvic infection.
h. A case was reported in mid-trimester abortion, according to the traditional method, which resulted inversion45 in the uterus. In addition, a strong Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis is associated with persons presenting for TOP46.
Conclusion / Advocacy
Weighing the pain and the gain of abortion is of paramount importance. The points for and against abortion, regardless of the laws and the center of the practitioner on women's reproductive health. While all agree that the legalization of abortion in some countries did not affect the frequency or complications thereof. This, once again, highlights the need for African countries to understand their roots and cherished secular concept of the family.
I therefore, in agreement with some researchers advocate the following: –
1. Primary prevention includes appropriate sexual education and secondary prevention efforts to encourage diagnosis and treatment of complications, including contraception and other elements of life planning. parental supervision and proper education of youth in goal setting, decision-making and good value system is strongly recommended in line with the African concept of family6, 7.
2. Training conversion of medical professionals and increase awareness of contraceptive options, calendar, available methods and use practice safer sex, post-abortion care, and expand access to family planning, counseling and quality care 6,15,39,42,47-50.
3. The enactment of laws to adopt unwanted children easy51.
4. Ensure that the results research is transmitted to decision-making bodies to influence policy and program advocacy52.
Prevention remains the key. Abstinence among adolescents and unmarried, and the proper use of contraceptives to lighten the burden. The lack of facilities, Access and labor still pose a great challenge. The idea that supporters of abortion are those who are already born (Uninterrupted) Indeed, appeals of pure resentment.
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Correspondence:
Dr. Uchenna Chidi Anyanwagu
uceeanyanwagu@yahoo.com
About the Author
Anyanwagu uchenna Chidi is an intern at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. He was the editor of the ABSUMSAJ- an international student-medical journal published in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria.
La fame e lindifferenza ma è Natale