http://www.stormcam.org/band-radio/
Family Radio Service
Technical information
FRS radios are limited to 500 milliwatts in accordance the FCC rules. Channels 1 through 7 are shared with the channels of low power interstitial GMRS, General Mobile Radio Service. A license is required for those channels if the power output limits is FRS.
Unlike Citizens' Band (CB) radios, FRS radios have often provisions for using sub-audible tone squelch (CTCSS and DCS) codes, filtering unwanted chatter from other users on the same frequency. Although these codes are sometimes called "privacy codes" or "private line codes (codes PL), they offer no protection against eavesdropping and are designed merely to facilitate the sharing of busy channels. Tone codes also do nothing to prevent transmission to be desired overwhelmed by a stronger signal with a different code.
FRS stations on channels 1 through 7 can communicate with GMRS stations on these shared channels; GMRS stations may use up to 5 watts of power, while the FRS stations are limited to 0.5 watts.
The use of duplex radio repeaters and connects to the telephone network are prohibited by the rules FRS, GMRS unlike what allows repeaters, and unlike the amateur service. FRS radios must use only antenna permanently attached. This limitation voluntarily narrower communication range, allowing the use of available channels.
FRS manufacturers generally claim exaggerated range. The presence tall buildings, trees, etc., will reduce the range. In exceptional circumstances (such as a hilltop to hilltop) communication is possible over 60 km (40 miles) or more, but this is rare. Under normal conditions, with the line of sight blocked by some buildings and trees, means FRS has an effective range of 0.5 to 1.5 km (1 / 3 to 1 mile).
FRS / GMRS hybrids in the U.S.
Motorola FV150 FRS and GMRS handheld radio
Hybrid FRS / GMRS radios consumption have been introduced that have 22 channels. Many of these radios have been certified for unlicensed use (on the FRS 14, channels 1-14) under FRS rules.
The FCC rules and statements concerning the use of hybrid radios on channels 1-7 stipulate the need to obtain a GMRS license operated in the rules that apply to the GMRS. Many hybrid radios have an ERP that is less than 0.5 watt on channels 1-7, or can be configured user to operate at low power on these channels. This allows hybrid radios to be used under FRS rules if the ERP without license is less than 0.5 watts and the appliance is certified for FRS operation on these frequencies.
Owners Hybrid radios should be aware that in the United States of America, it is illegal to operate on channels 15-22 without a license from the FCC GMRS. The Most radio manufacturers do not make this sufficiently clear to customers. Therefore, it may cause interference illegal GMRS licensees. As GMRS licenses cost money to get this interference is a source of frustration for operators duly authorized.
Channels 8-14 are FRS only. Consequently, operating GMRS not allowed on these channels. Channels 15-22 are reserved exclusively the GMRS. As indicated, the operation is not allowed on FRS chains.
FRS Channel list
Channel
Frequency (MHz)
Notes
1
462.5625
Shared with GMRS.
2
462.5875
Shared with GMRS.
3
462.6125
Shared with GMRS.
4
462.6375
In common with GMRS.
5
462.6625
Shared with GMRS.
6
462.6875
Shared with GMRS.
7
462.7125
Shared with GMRS.
8
467.5625
FRS use only
9
467.5875
FRS use only
10
467.6125
FRS use only
11
467.6375
FRS use only
12
467.6625
FRS use only
13
467.6875
FRS use only
14
467.7125
FRS use only
Some clubs have recommended FRS Channel 1 as a national emergency / Call channel, such as REACT International, Inc. and the National SOS Radio Network.
Channel 2 is usually used by groups trying geocaching to communicate with other geocachers.
Similar services in other Regions
Personal UHF radio similar to the American FRS exist in other countries, although since the technical standards and different frequency bands, usually FCC-approved FRS equipment may not be used in other jurisdictions.
Taiwan
Some manufacturers in Taiwan have radios that carry both frequencies FRS and GMRS, using channels 1 to 99. Channels 1 through 14 are well known, while channels 15 to 99 are less popular.
Channels 15 462.9125, 462.9375 CH16, CH17 462.9625, 462.9875 CH18, CH19 463.0125, 463.0375 CH20, CH21 …..
… CH98 464.9875, 465.0125 ch99.
Canada
American Standard FRS radios have been approved for use in Canada since April 2000. The revised technical standard RSS 210 has essentially the same technical requirements as in the United States. Since September 2004, GMRS radios and low power Double standard FRS / GMRS radios have also been approved for use in Canada, giving additional channels. In Canada, no license is required and there is no restriction on the GMRS channels.
Mexico
Since tourists often bring their FRS radios with them, and that trade between the United States, Canada and Mexico is of great value to all three countries, the Secretary Mexican Communications and Transportation has authorized the use FRS frequencies and equipment similar to that in the United States. However, FRS Dual Mode / GMRS equipment is not approved in Mexico, then we must be cautious in exploiting hybrid FRS / GMRS devices purchased elsewhere.
Europe
In Europe, a personal radio service with the same kind of license restriction is eight PMR446 channels in the range of 446 MHz. You can not legally use the FRS radio in Europe or the United States PMR446 the 446 MHz band is allocated to amateur radio in the United States, So in principle a licensed amateur operator could use non-FCC-type accepted radios PMR446 United States in accordance with the operating rules of radio amateur. In Britain, the FRS frequencies are used for communications between firefighters and this sometimes causes problems when FRS equipment is imported from United States and used without being aware of the consequences for the public. Sweden and Norway have a Kort distanse Radio service with six UHF channels between 444.600 and 444.975 MHZ. European countries also have communication devices to low power in the 433 MHz band, and short-range eif (DTH) operating at frequencies between 868 and 870 MHz. These devices are limited to 10 mW output power and are intended to provide an altenative on the PMR 446 short distances.
South America
Dual-mode GMRS / FRS equipment is also approved in Brazil and most countries in South America. Portable radios are widely used in private communications, mainly through staff safety in nightclubs and shopping centers but also in the private parking, maintenance and service delivery.
China
A service similar to FRS U.S. to Hong Kong, Macao and China is also endorsed by organizations respective legal reasons operating without a license with the name "Public Service Broadcasting". However, with 20 different UHF channels allocated near 409 MHz are used. 462 MHz and 446 MHz are not open to FRS, so European, U.S. and Canadian residents are advised not to use FRS and PMR446 radio communications when traveling to the aforementioned areas.
List of public broadcasters in China Service Radio:
Channel
Frequency (MHz)
1
409.7500
2
409.7625
3
409.7750
4
409.7875
5
409.8000
6
409.8125
7
409.8250
8
409.8375
9
409.8500
10
409.8625
11
409.8750
12
409.8875
13
409.9000
14
409.9125
15
409.9250
16
409.9375
17
409.9500
18
409.9625
19
409.9750
20
409.9875
Japan
In Japan, a similar service is limited to 10 millwatts in the 420, 421, and 422 MHz. It is called "tokutei Shoudenryoku Musen" (RPLS: Specified Low Power Radio ").
Australia and New Zealand
Australia and New Zealand UHF CB citizen near 477 MHz is used for the same purpose. The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) has also allocated a band near 434 MHz for low power devices with a low potential for interference to other users of the band.
Africa South
South Africa is being consistent with the recommendations of the JIU region 1, they allow 8 channels of FRS radios from 446.0 to 446.1 MHz now is the same as the European Union PMR446.
Philippines
The Philippines has a radio service for use by families and small businesses. This service is called RRF or short-range radio service. The units are limited exploitation simplex and a limitation of power of 2.5 watts.
This service was awarded in 40 channels 325 MHz:
Channel Frequency
Channel Frequency
Channel Frequency
Channel Frequency
1 325.0000
11 325.1250
21 325.2500
31 325.3750
2 325.0125
12 325.1375
22 325.2625
32 325.3875
3 325.0250
13 325.1500
23 325.2750
33 325.4000
4 325.0375
14 325.1625
24 325.2875
34 325.4125
5 325.0500
15 325.1750
25 325.3000
35 325.4250
6 325.0625
16 325.1875
26 325.3125
36 325.4375
7 325.0750
17 325.2000
27 325.3250
37 325.4500
8 325.0875
18 325.2125
28 325.3375
38 325.4625
9 325.1000
19 325.2250
29 325.3500
39 325.4750
10 325.1125
20 325.2375
30 325.3625
40 325.4875
Thailand
Thailand has a service of 80 channels CB-style using FM band 245.000 to 245.9875 MHz. The units are allowed up to 5 watts of RF power. Besides personal use, the equipment is used by research and rescue companies. The operating rules are less restrictive than the amateur radio service, with an initial license fee required. Portable devices typically have a red case. There are about one million users of the service, often in large cities.
Singapore
Since February 3, 2004, the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA) awarded the band 446.0 to 446.1 MHz for low-power walkie-talkie on a non-interference, unprotected and shared-use basis. As these walkie-talkies are low power devices that are not likely to cause interference with other licensed radio services, it is not necessary licenses for use in Singapore. However, the device must be approved by IDA for local sale.
See also
General Service mobile radio
Multi-Use Radio Service
CTCSS
References
^ FCC: Wireless Services: Family Radio Service: Family Home
^ "Frequently Asked Questions. Groundspeak Inc.. http://www.geocaching.com/faq/. Retrieved 2009-07-29.
^ Http: / / www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf01320.html Industry Canada RSS-210 – Low-power Licence-exempt Radiocommunication Devices (All Frequency Bands) retrieved October 23, 2009
^ Http: / / www.oocities.com/wd9ewk/xe-frs.html Mexico Family Radio Service (FRS) equivalent retrieved 23 October 2009
^ ACMA spectrum of 434 MHz devices LIPD
^ Http: / / r7.ntc.gov.ph/memopdf/fixedland/MC 02-01-97. MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO PDF. 02-01-97 SUBJECT: LICENSING GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES FOR SHORT-RANGE RADIO SERVICE (RRF), retrieved October 23, 2009
^ Http: / / www.rast.or.th / tares.html Thailand Amateur Radio Emergency Services, retrieved 24 October 2009
^ Broad Choice of Radio Communication & Wireless Devices for consumers and total annual savings of $ 200,000 for Telecom Equipment Dealers:? Http: / / www.ida.gov.sg / News and Events/20050712103130.aspx getPagetype = 20
External Links
CTCSS codes for some radios
FRS radios in Mexico
Industry Canada discussion on the approval of the SRF in Canada
Personal Radio Association
Information FRS and GMRS and forums
FRS Communications Center
The situation of Radio Free License System in Japan
REACT International, Inc.
SOS National Radio Network
List of mobile services worldwide radio retrieved 24 October 2009
EV
Two-way radio
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Amateur Amateur radio repeater Citizens' band radio Family Radio Service General Mobile Radio Service Mobile Bench Multi-Purpose Radio Service PMR446 UHF CB LPD433 (Australia)
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commercial land and Government Mobile
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2182 kHz 500 kHz radio coast station VHF radio maritime mobile amateur radio
Signaling / Selective calling
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System elements and principles
Antenna audio level compression Automatic vehicle location APRS Call sign CAD DC remote Dispatch Fade margin Link budget Rayleigh fading Tone remote Voice procedure Voting (diversity combining)
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